Question 1:
In the given figure, find the values of x and y and then show that AB || CD.
Ans.
It can be observed that,
50º + x = 180º (Linear pair)
x = 130º … (1)
Also, y = 130º (Vertically opposite angles)
As x and y are alternate interior angles for lines AB and CD and also measures of these angles are equal to each other, therefore, line AB || CD.
Question 2:
In the given figure, if AB || CD, CD || EF and y: z = 3: 7, find x.
It is given that AB || CD and CD || EF
∴ AB || CD || EF (Lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other)
It can be observed that
x = z (Alternate interior angles) … (1)
It is given that y: z = 3: 7
Let the common ratio between y and z be a.
∴ y = 3a and z = 7a
Also, x + y = 180º (Co-interior angles on the same side of the transversal)
z + y = 180º [Using equation (1)]
7a + 3a = 180º
10a = 180º
a = 18º
∴ x = 7a = 7 × 18º = 126º
Question 3:
In the given figure, If AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD and ∠GED = 126º, find ∠AGE, ∠GEF and ∠FGE.
Ans.
It is given that,
AB || CD
EF ⊥ CD
∠GED = 126º
⇒ ∠GEF + ∠FED = 126º
⇒ ∠GEF + 90º = 126º
⇒ ∠GEF = 36º
∠AGE and ∠GED are alternate interior angles.
⇒ ∠AGE = ∠GED = 126º
However, ∠AGE + ∠FGE = 180º (Linear pair)
⇒ 126º + ∠FGE = 180º
⇒ ∠FGE = 180º − 126º = 54º
∴ ∠AGE = 126º, ∠GEF = 36º, ∠FGE = 54º
Question 4:
In the given figure, if PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110º and ∠RST = 130º, find ∠QRS.
[Hint: Draw a line parallel to ST through point R.]
Ans.
Let us draw a line XY parallel to ST and passing through point R.
∠PQR + ∠QRX = 180º (Co-interior angles on the same side of transversal QR)
⇒ 110º + ∠QRX = 180º
⇒ ∠QRX = 70º
Also,
∠RST + ∠SRY = 180º (Co-interior angles on the same side of transversal SR)
130º + ∠SRY = 180º
∠SRY = 50º
XY is a straight line. RQ and RS stand on it.
∴ ∠QRX + ∠QRS + ∠SRY = 180º
70º + ∠QRS + 50º = 180º
∠QRS = 180º − 120º = 60º
Question 5:
In the given figure, if AB || CD, ∠APQ = 50º and ∠PRD = 127º, find x and y.
Ans.
∠APR = ∠PRD (Alternate interior angles)
50º + y = 127º
y = 127º − 50º
y = 77º
Also, ∠APQ = ∠PQR (Alternate interior angles)
50º = x
∴ x = 50º and y = 77º
Question 6:
In the given figure, PQ and RS are two mirrors placed parallel to each other. An incident ray AB strikes the mirror PQ at B, the reflected ray moves along the path BC and strikes the mirror RS at C and again reflects back along CD. Prove that AB || CD
.
Ans.
.
Let us draw BM ⊥ PQ and CN ⊥ RS.
As PQ || RS,
Therefore, BM || CN
Thus, BM and CN are two parallel lines and a transversal line BC cuts them at B and C respectively.
∴∠2 = ∠3 (Alternate interior angles)
However, ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4 (By laws of reflection)
∴ ∠1 = ∠2 = ∠3 = ∠4
Also, ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4
∠ABC = ∠DCB
However, these are alternate interior angles.
∴ AB || CD